

In the past this problem was simply avoided by using special purpose lenses for close-up photography, while standard lenses continued to be optimized at infinity. Lens aberrations increase significantly as the lens is focused down to its closest focusing position, these aberrations being especially pronounced toward the edges of the format. Traditionally, a lens of this type has been designed to produce optimal results when photographing objects which are at a relatively far distance from the camera. The typical better-quality 200mm lens has a maximum aperture of f3.5 or f4, and a minimum focusing distance of around 1.8 meters. Vivitar Series 1 booklet (August 1976).*) Sources of data: Manufacturer's technical data

Vivitar Series 1 200mm 1:3 AUTO TELEPHOTO VMC
